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Intelligence + Continual Learning = Expertise — Yu Su, NeoCognition

Yu Su from NeoCognition distinguishes between two concepts often conflated: intelligence and expertise.

Intelligence is the ability to reason through new problems — something modern AI models are increasingly better at. Expertise is knowledge built up over time through experience, something that is almost never scaled today. He explains why coding agents work well while other tools are fragile: code is already structured and symbolic with tests providing feedback, but the rest of digital work comprises millions of small worlds with different rules that a static model cannot handle. Su argues that intelligence and expertise are nearly orthogonal — scale only intelligence and you get the world's smartest beginners who are brilliant but learn nothing between problems.

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